Understanding Kidney Stones — Causes, Warning Signs & Types Explained

What Are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones are hard lumps that form inside your kidneys. They are made from minerals and salts that stick together. Often, these stones can block the flow of urine. Because of this, they may cause pain or other problems. Kidney stones are common and can affect people of all ages. In many cases, small stones pass on their own. However, larger stones may need treatment. Knowing about kidney stones can help you spot signs early and get the right care.

Causes of Kidney Stones

Many things can lead to kidney stones. Sometimes, your body has too much of certain minerals. These minerals can build up and form stones. Other times, not drinking enough water can be a cause. When you are dehydrated, your urine becomes more concentrated. This makes it easier for stones to form. In addition, some foods and drinks may raise your risk. For example, eating lots of salt or animal protein can increase your chances. Family history also plays a role. If someone in your family had kidney stones, you might be more likely to get them too.

Not drinking enough water

Eating a high-salt diet

Eating too much animal protein

Family history of kidney stones

Certain medical conditions, like obesity or diabetes

Some medicines can also raise your risk

Types of Kidney Stones

There are several types of kidney stones. Each type forms for different reasons. Knowing the type can help your doctor choose the best treatment. Here are the main types:

Calcium stones: These are the most common. They form when there is too much calcium in your urine.

Uric acid stones: These can form if you eat a lot of animal protein or have certain health problems.

Struvite stones: These often happen after a urinary tract infection.

Cystine stones: These are rare and usually run in families.

Because each type has different causes, your doctor may suggest special tests to find out which kind you have.

Symptoms of Kidney Stones

Kidney stones can cause many symptoms. Sometimes, you may not notice anything until the stone moves. When this happens, you might feel pain or discomfort. Here are some common signs of kidney stones:

Severe pain in your back or side

Pain that moves to your lower belly or groin

Blood in your urine (it may look pink or red)

Frequent urge to urinate

Pain when urinating

Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

Nausea or vomiting

Fever and chills (if there is an infection)

Because these symptoms can also be caused by other problems, it is important to pay attention to your body.

When to Suspect Kidney Stones

Sometimes, it can be hard to know if you have kidney stones. However, certain signs should make you think about this problem. For example, if you have sudden, sharp pain in your back or side, you should pay attention. If the pain comes and goes, or if you see blood in your urine, kidney stones may be the cause. In addition, if you have a family history of kidney stones, your risk is higher. You should also be alert if you have had kidney stones before. Because early treatment can help, do not ignore these warning signs:

Severe or sudden pain in your back, side, or lower belly

Blood in your urine

Pain when urinating

Fever or chills with pain

History of kidney stones in your family

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is wise to see a healthcare specialist soon.

Conclusion

Kidney stones can cause pain and other problems, but early care can help. If you notice signs of kidney stones or have risk factors, talk to a healthcare specialist. They can guide you on the best steps for your health.